Lead-acid batteries are widely used in vehicles, UPS systems and energy storage equipment. Waste lead-acid batteries contain acid because the acid is an essential component of their internal structure and working principle, not an added impurity.
Dilute sulfuric acid acts as the electrolyte in lead-acid batteries. It supports the electrochemical reaction during charging and discharging, enabling the conversion between chemical energy and electrical energy. Even when the battery reaches the end of its service life, the acid does not disappear; it remains inside the battery casing.
This residual acid is corrosive. If waste lead-acid batteries are disposed of improperly, the acid may leak, pollute soil and water sources, and cause environmental hazards. Lead inside the battery is also a toxic heavy metal.
For this reason, waste lead-acid batteries are classified as hazardous waste in many countries. Professional recycling and treatment can neutralize the acid safely and recover lead resources, effectively protecting the environment and human health.
